Cigarettes contain toxic materials that may adverse effect on oral tissues, systemic conditions, and on those of non-smokers as well.
Increased probing depth and the index of tooth loss and alveolar bone loss have been reported to be more severe in smokers than those of non-smokers. But no significant differences existed in both groups in prevalence of periopathogenes. Oral cancer is one of the most common cancers strongly associated with smoking. The prevalence of p53 mutations in invasive oral cancers is particularly high. Also, smoking is one of significant risk factors casuing chronic cough, chronic phlegm, wheeze, dyspnea and lung cancer.
Wound healing and resistance to infection have been shown to depend in part on the oxygen contents or Po2 in tissue. Smoking significantly decreases Po2 in wound lesions and drives adverse effects on healing. Somking influences leukocytes count and functions in peripheral circulation.
Cigarette smoke is the complex mixture of over 4000 compounds. These constituents include pharmacologically active, toxic, mutagenic and carcinogenic agents. Lower cardiopulmonary disease risks in cigar/pipe smokers than those in cigarette smokers may be due to less inhalation (because of the alkalinity and irriatation of cigar/pipe smoke) and less frequent smoking. If habituated cigarette smokers retain the habit of inhaling smoke when they switch to smoking cigars, then they may be at particurlar health risk since even small cigars contain more incotine and tar than those of the strongest cigarette.
The effect of parental smoking on acute respiratory illness in infancy is clear and consistent. Environmental tobacco smoke(ETS) contained same toxic and carcinogenic materials as inhaled tobacco smoke may be harzardous to people in the immediate area. Chemical market for inhaled tobacco smokes is nicotine, COHb%, cotinine in saliva and serum, and serum thiocyanate levels.
To reduce their risks, nicotine gum or patch, spray forms are used. Occasionally the nicotine gum case the mercury out of amalgam restoration. Though various trials have been recommended, quitting completely is the best and saftest strategy.
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